Recruitment, Retention, and Wellbeing of LGBTQ-Serving Child Psychiatrists and Mental Health Providers.

The workforce of mental health providers serving lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and/or questioning (LGBTQ+) youth lags far behind the demand for LGBTQ-focused mental health care. Unsatisfactory training and a lack of standardized training metrics for accredited programs perpetuate the lack of preparedness among providers. The presence of LGBTQ+ faculty and mentors in medical education increases the amount of LGBTQ+ content taught to trainees and improves professional development for LGBTQ+ trainees. Inclusive workplace practices and affirming care policies may also improve retention and recruitment of LGBTQ-serving mental health providers.

Farmacocinética de eculizumab en pacientes adultos y pediátricos con síndrome hemolítico urémico atípico y glomerulopatía C3 / Pharmacokinetics of eculizumab in adult and pediatric patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and C3 glomerulopathy

Objetivo analizar y describir las concentraciones de eculizumab y el bloqueo del complemento en los pacientes con síndrome hemolítico urémico atípico (SHUa) y glomerulopatía C3, y definir un margen terapéutico donde se alcance una alta probabilidad de conseguir eficacia terapéutica. Métodos estudio observacional, ambispectivo y multicéntrico que incluyó pacientes adultos y pediátricos diagnosticados de SHUa y glomerulopatía C3 desde septiembre de 2020 hasta octubre de 2022 en 5 hospitales de España. Eculizumab se administró a las dosis recomendadas por la ficha técnica. Se determinaron las concentraciones pre y posdosis de eculizumab, así como del bloqueo de la vía clásica del complemento (CH50). Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, analíticas y clínicas, y se calcularon los parámetros farmacocinéticos. Para establecer el punto de corte de las concentraciones de eculizumab que predecían el bloqueo del complemento se realizó un análisis de curvas ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). Se utilizó el test de Kruskal-Wallis para contrastar las diferencias en distintos parámetros según las concentraciones de eculizumab. Resultados se incluyeron 25 pacientes, 19 adultos (76,0%) y 6 pediátricos (24,0%), con edades medianas de 43,4 (RIC 35,7-48,8) y 10,1 (RIC 9,6-11,3) años, respectivamente. De ellos, 22 (88,0%) pacientes fueron diagnosticados con SHUa y 3 (12,0%) con glomerulopatía C3. Se determinaron un total de 111 concentraciones de eculizumab. Las concentraciones predosis y posdosis medias detectadas durante la fase de mantenimiento fueron 243,8 (SD 240,6) μg/ml y 747,4 (SD 444,3) μg/ml, respectivamente (AU)

Objective The objective of the study was to analyze and describe the concentrations of eculizumab and the complement blockade in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and C3 glomerulopathy, and to define a therapeutic margin where there is a high probability of achieving therapeutic efficacy. Methods Observational, ambispective and multicenter study that included adult and pediatric patients diagnosed with aHUS and C3 glomerulopathy from September 2020 to October 2022 in five hospitals in Spain. Eculizumab was administered at the doses recommended by the data sheet according to the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Pre-dose and post-dose concentrations of eculizumab were determined, as well as blockade of the classical complement pathway (CH50). Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. To establish the cut-off point for eculizumab concentrations that predicted complement blockade, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed. Lastly, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to contrast the differences in different parameters according to eculizumab concentrations. Results Twenty-five patients were included, 19 adults (76.0%) and 6 pediatrics (24.0%), with median ages of 43.4 (IQR 35.7-48.8) and 10.1 (IQR 9.6-11.3) years, respectively. Of these, 22 (88.0%) patients were diagnosed with aHUS and 3 (12.0%) with C3 glomerulopathy. A total of 111 eculizumab concentrations were determined (AU)

[Translated article] Pharmacokinetics of eculizumab in adult and pediatric patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and C3 glomerulopathy.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to analyze and describe the concentrations of eculizumab and the complement blockade in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and C3 glomerulopathy, and to define a therapeutic margin where there is a high probability of achieving therapeutic efficacy. METHODS: Observational, ambispective, and multicenter study that included adult and pediatric patients diagnosed with aHUS and C3 glomerulopathy from September 2020 to October 2022 in 5 hospitals in Spain. Eculizumab was administered at the doses recommended by the data sheet according to the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Pre- and post-dose concentrations of eculizumab were determined, as well as blockade of the classical complement pathway (CH50). Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. To establish the cut-off point for eculizumab concentrations that predicted complement blockade, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed. Lastly, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to contrast the differences in different parameters according to eculizumab concentrations. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients were included, 19 adults (76.0%) and 6 pediatrics (24.0%), with median ages of 43.4 (interquartile range (IQR) 35.7-48.8) and 10.1 (IQR 9.6-11.3) years, respectively. Of these, 22 (88.0%) patients were diagnosed with aHUS and 3 (12.0%) with C3 glomerulopathy. A total of 111 eculizumab concentrations were determined. Mean pre- and post-dose concentration values detected during the maintenance phase were 243.8 (SD 240.6) µg/mL and 747.4 (standard deviation (SD) 444.3) µg/mL, respectively. Increased complement blockade was observed at higher pre-dose concentrations (P = .002) and decreased serum creatinine at both higher pre- and post-dose concentrations (P = .001 and P = .017, respectively). Using ROC curves, it was determined that a pre-dose concentration >149.0 µg/mL was optimal to achieve complement blockade, with an AUC of 0.87 (0.78-0.95). Finally, high inter-individual (48.9% variation coefficient (CV)) with low intra-individual variabilities (11.9% CV) in eculizumab clearance were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The present study reports supratherapeutic concentrations of eculizumab in patients with aHUS, and defines higher concentrations than those described in the data sheet to achieve blockade, thus encouraging the personalization of treatment with eculizumab.

Pharmacokinetics of eculizumab in adult and pediatric patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and C3 glomerulopathy. / Farmacocinética de eculizumab en pacientes adultos y pediátricos con síndrome hemolítico urémico atípico y glomerulopatía C3.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to analyze and describe the concentrations of eculizumab and the complement blockade in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and C3 glomerulopathy, and to define a therapeutic margin where there is a high probability of achieving therapeutic efficacy. METHODS: Observational, ambispective and multicenter study that included adult and pediatric patients diagnosed with aHUS and C3 glomerulopathy from September 2020 to October 2022 in five hospitals in Spain. Eculizumab was administered at the doses recommended by the data sheet according to the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Pre-dose and post-dose concentrations of eculizumab were determined, as well as blockade of the classical complement pathway (CH50). Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. To establish the cut-off point for eculizumab concentrations that predicted complement blockade, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed. Lastly, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to contrast the differences in different parameters according to eculizumab concentrations. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients were included, 19 adults (76.0%) and 6 pediatrics (24.0%), with median ages of 43.4 (IQR 35.7-48.8) and 10.1 (IQR 9.6-11.3) years, respectively. Of these, 22 (88.0%) patients were diagnosed with aHUS and 3 (12.0%) with C3 glomerulopathy. A total of 111 eculizumab concentrations were determined. Mean pre-dose and post-dose concentration values detected during the maintenance phase were 243.8 (SD 240.6) µg/mL and 747.4 (SD 444.3) µg/mL, respectively. Increased complement blockade was observed at higher pre-dose concentrations (p=0.002) and decreased serum creatinine at both higher pre- and post-dose concentrations (p=0.001 and p=0.017, respectively). Using ROC curves, it was determined that a pre-dose concentration >149.0 µg/mL was optimal to achieve complement blockade, with an AUC of 0.87 (0.78-0.95). Finally, high inter-individual (48.9% CV) with low intra-individual variabilities (11.9% CV) in eculizumab clearance were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The present study reports supratherapeutic concentrations of eculizumab in patients with aHUS, and defines higher concentrations than those described in the data sheet to achieve blockade, thus encouraging the personalization of treatment with eculizumab.

La necesidad de la Enfermería Escolar: una revisión integradora de la literatura / The need for School Nursing: an integrative literature review

Introducción: La salud escolar debe velar por el bienestar integral de la comunidad escolar, fortaleciendo conductas de autocuidado y hábitos saludables a través de la promoción y prevención e investigación en salud. El abordaje holístico que define a la Enfermería hace que la inclusión de la enfermera escolar sea fundamental en los diferentes centros educativos. Objetivo: Analizar los beneficios del rol de la enfermería escolar en base a sus competencias para identificar la necesidad que supone la figura de la enfermería en los colegios.Metodología: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, cualitativa siguiendo las indicaciones de la declaración PRISMA. La búsqueda de las publicaciones se llevó a cabo en las bases de datos Web of Science y MedLine, seleccionándose aquellos artículos publicados en los últimos 5 años en inglés y español. Resultados: se incluyeron un total de 10 artículos. Su análisis muestra las competencias de la enfermera escolar, la perspectiva que tienen los docentes y los padres de la figura de la enfermera escolar, así como la necesidad que aporta a comunidad escolar. Conclusiones: La presencia de la enfermera escolar en los centros educativos garantiza tranquilidad y beneficios para la comunidad, no solo mediante actividades de prevención o asistenciales, sino también mediante estrategias de educación para la salud. Nuestra investigación ha recogido cómo pese a que existe un argumento firme y conciso sobre la importancia de esta figura continúa la lucha por su implantación. (AU)

Introduction: School health must ensure the comprehensive well-being of the school community, strengthening self-care behaviours and healthy habits through promotion and prevention and through health-related research. The holistic approach that defines Nursing makes the inclusion of the school nurse fundamental in the different educational centres.Objective: To analyse the benefits of the role of school nursing based on their remit to identify the need for nurses in schools. Methodology: Integrative review of the literature and qualitative review based on the indications of the PRISMA statement. The search for publications was carried out in the Web of Science and MedLine databases, selecting those articles published in the last 5 years in English and Spanish. Results: A total of 10 articles were included. Their analysis shows the remit of the school nurse, the perspective that teachers and parents have of the school nurse role, as well as the need it represents to the school community.Conclusions: The presence of the school nurse in educational centres ensures tranquillity and benefits for the community, not only through prevention or assistance activities, but also through health education strategies. Our research has revealed how, despite the fact that there is a firm and concise argument regarding the importance of this role, the fight for its establishment continues. (AU)

Traumatic Stress and Resilience Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth.

Traumatic stress increases the risk for mental health conditions and adversely impacts health, academic performance, and coping. Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth experience higher rates of abuse and maltreatment and interpersonal and community-embedded discrimination than their cisgender peers. Neurobiologic stress responses and social stress theory provide useful frameworks for understanding the effects of discrimination, stigma, and rejection. Despite facing higher rates of interpersonal trauma, TGD youth are quite resilient when able to access supports and affirming trauma-informed services. Clinicians play an important role in identifying and addressing traumatic stress impacting TGD youth and bolstering resilience.

Improvement in quality of life of transfemoral amputees: Comparison between 2 types of transfemoral sockets and their influence on functionality and user comfort - A case report.

Among the components of lower limb prostheses, a perfectly adapted prosthetic socket is crucial to a successful rehabilitation process. Thus, developing a more comfortable socket could improve the quality of life for transfemoral (TF) amputees. The objective of this case report was to compare 2 TF sockets by evaluating the relationship between socket stiffness and user comfort and their influence on functionality to improve the quality of life of TF amputees. The participant received 2 different sockets: (A) flexible Flixt® socket; (B) conventional socket. He used each socket for 90 days, and after that was submitted to an evaluation at the Gait Laboratory (kinematic and dynamic analyses), completed the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire, and performed Timed Up and Go test, 6-Minute March Test (6MWT), 10-Meter Walk Test, and Amputee Mobility Predictor test. After results were analyzed, the socket that obtained the best degree of satisfaction was assigned to the amputee participant. Combined measures showed that socket B does not considerably change the kinematic parameters neither dynamics parameters namely at stance phase. At Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire results, socket A had a better rating than socket B. The results of the Timed Up and Go test, 6MWT, 10-Meter Walk Test, and Amputee Mobility Predictor test obtained identical values, except for the 6MWT. This case report shows evidence of participant satisfaction improvement when using the flexible socket. The study also demonstrates that both sockets are quite effective.

Adolescent relational behaviour and the obesity pandemic: A descriptive study applying social network analysis and machine learning techniques.

AIM: To study the existence of subgroups by exploring the similarities between the attributes of the nodes of the groups, in relation to diet and gender and, to analyse the connectivity between groups based on aspects of similarities between them through SNA and artificial intelligence techniques. METHODS: 235 students from 5 different educational centres participate in this study between March and December 2015. Data analysis carried out is divided into two blocks: social network analysis and unsupervised machine learning techniques. As for the social network analysis, the Girvan-Newman technique was applied to find the best number of cohesive groups within each of the friendship networks of the different classes analysed. RESULTS: After applying Girvan-Newman in the three classes, the best division into clusters was respectively 2 for classroom A, 7 for classroom B and 6 for classroom C. There are significant differences between the groups and the gender and diet variables. After applying K-means using population diet as an input variable, a K-means clustering of 2 clusters for class A, 3 clusters for class B and 3 clusters for class C is obtained. CONCLUSION: Adolescents form subgroups within their classrooms. Subgroup cohesion is defined by the fact that nodes share similarities in aspects that influence obesity, they share attributes related to food quality and gender. The concept of homophily, related to SNA, justifies our results. Artificial intelligence techniques together with the application of the Girvan-Newman provide robustness to the structural analysis of similarities and cohesion between subgroups.

Women's health access in the context of forced migration in portugal: vulnerabilities and adaptation / Acesso à saúde de mulheres em contexto de migração forçada em Portugal: vulnerabilidades e adaptação / Acceso a la salud de las mujeres en el contexto de la migración forzada en Portugal: vulnerabilidades y adaptación

This article presents, the vulnerabilities related with regarding access to health services facedby refugee women, of a research project conducted in Portugal between 2020 and 2022 as part of the Masters in Intercultural Relations program at Universidade Aberta. Objective: The overall goal was to gain a better understanding of the psychosocial reality of women who arrived in Portugal as a result of forced migration, focusing on the main difficulties of the migratory and adaptation journey -highlighting vulnerabilities related to health and access to health services at the present article -and the protective factors that facilitated their processes of resilience, adaptation, and social integration. Methodology:The meaningsof the protagonists' experiences were disclosed through nine semi-structured and in-depth interviews with a woman from Iraq, seven from Syria, and one from Libya, which were conducted separately, recorded and transcribed. Following the transcription and translation of the interviews, the content analysis began with the coding and categorization of the obtained data. Results:The investigationuncovered a number of vulnerabilities triggered by the migratory experience and gender belonging, such as prejudice, social isolation, and cultural shock (mostly linked to religion and clothing), which validated the intersectional analysis. The findings highlight a number of obstacles in the host nation, including access to health care, the quality of institutional interactions, and knowledge of the Portuguese language.Conclusions:The current investigation led to theconclusion that there are flawsin Portugal in terms of ensuring full access to health care for forced migrant women, highlighting as major obstacles: a lack of information in languagesother than Portuguese, a lack of offers tolearn and masterthe Portugueselanguage, a lack of knowledge about how health institutions work, and a lack of sensitivity and intercultural skills inhealthcareservices (AU).

Este artigo apresenta as vulnerabilidades relacionadas no acesso aos serviços de saúde sentidas por mulheres refugiadas, de um projeto de investigação realizado em Portugal entre 2020 e 2022 no âmbito do Mestrado em Relações Interculturais da Universidade Aberta. Objetivo:O objetivo geral foi conhecer melhor a realidade psicossocial das mulheres que chegaram a Portugal como resultado da migração forçada, focando as principais dificuldades do percurso migratório e de adaptação,destacando as vulnerabilidades relacionadas com a saúde e acesso aos serviços de saúde, além dos fatores de proteção que facilitaram seus processos de resiliência, adaptação e integração social. Metodologia:Os significados das vivências das protagonistasforam relevados por meio de nove entrevistas semiestruturadas e em profundidade, realizadas individualmente, gravadas e transcritas, com umamulher do Iraque, seteda Síria e umada Líbia. Após transcrição e tradução das entrevistas, a análise de conteúdopartiu da codificação e categorização da informação recolhida.Resultados:A investigação desvelou uma série de vulnerabilidadescausadas pela experiência migratória epertença de gênero,como a discriminação sentida sob a forma de preconceitos, o isolamento social e o choque cultural (sobretudo relacionado com a religião e o vestuário utilizado), o que justificou a análise intersecional. Os resultados revelam umconjuntode desafiosno país de acolhimento, como o acesso à saúde, a qualidade das relações institucionais e o domínio da língua portuguesa.Conclusões: A presente investigação permitiu concluir que existem algumas carências em Portugal no que diz respeito à garantia do pleno acesso aos cuidados de saúde sentidas pelasmulheres migrantes forçadas, destacando-se como principais obstáculos: a falta de informação numa língua que não o português, a falta de domínio da língua portuguesa, o desconhecimento sobre o funcionamento das instituições de saúde e falta de sensibilidade e de competências interculturais nos cuidados de saúde (AU).

Este artículo presenta, las vulnerabilidades relacionadasconen el acceso a los servicios de salud que sienten las mujeres refugiadas, de un proyectorealizado en Portugal entre 2020 y 2022 en el ámbito del Máster en Relaciones Interculturales de la Universidade Aberta.Objetivo: El objetivo fue comprender la realidad psicosocial de las mujeres que llegaron a Portugal como resultado de la migración forzada, centrándose en las principales dificultades del viaje de migración y adaptación, destacandovulnerabilidades relacionadas con la salud y el acceso a los servicios de salud, además de los factores de protección que facilitaron sus procesos de resiliencia, adaptación e integración social. Metodología: Los significados de las experiencias fueron revelados através de nueve entrevistas semiestructuradas y en profundidad, realizadas individualmente, grabadas y transcritas, con una mujer de Irak, siete de Siria y una de Libia. Luego de la transcripción y traducción, se inició el análisis de contenido con la codificación y categorización de la información.Resultados: La investigación reveló vulnerabilidades provocadas por la experiencia migratoria y la pertenencia de género,como la discriminación sentida en forma de prejuicio, el aislamiento social y el choque cultural (principalmente relacionado con la religión y la vestimenta), que justificaron el análisis interseccional.Los resultados revelan desafíos en Portugal,como el acceso a la salud, la calidad de las relaciones institucionales y el dominio de la lengua portuguesa.Conclusiones: La presente investigación llevó a la conclusión de que existen fallas en Portugal en cuanto a garantizar el pleno acceso a la atención de la salud de las refugiadas,destacándose: falta de información en un idioma diferenteal portugués, falta de dominio de la lengua portuguesa, falta de conocimiento sobre el funcionamiento de las instituciones de salud y falta de sensibilidad y habilidades interculturales en la atención de la salud (AU).

Estimated costs for Duchenne muscular dystrophy care in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The economic burden of rare diseases on health systems is still not widely measured, with the generation of accurate information about the costs with medical care for subjects with rare diseases being crucial when defining health policies. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy, with new technologies recently being studied for its management. Information about the costs related to the disease in Latin America is scarce, and the objective of this study is to evaluate the annual hospital, home care and transportation costs per patient with DMD treatment in Brazil. RESULTS: Data from 27 patients were included, the median annual cost per patient was R$ 17,121 (IQR R$ 6,786; 25,621). Home care expenditures accounted for 92% of the total costs, followed by hospital costs (6%) and transportation costs (2%). Medications and loss of family, and patient's productivity are among the most representative consumption items. When disease worsening due to loss of the ability to walk was incorporated to the analysis, it was shown that wheelchair users account for an incremental cost of 23% compared with non-wheelchair users. CONCLUSIONS: This is an original study in Latin America to measure DMD costs using the micro-costing technique. Generating accurate information about costs is crucial to provide health managers with information that could help establish more sustainable policies when deciding upon rare diseases in emerging countries.

[Characterization of hospitalized patients with acute kidney injury associated with COVID-19 in Spain: Renal replacement therapy and mortality. FRA-COVID SEN Registry Data]. / Caracterización de la población con fracaso renal agudo durante la hospitalización por COVID-19 en España: tratamiento renal sustitutivo y mortalidad. Datos del Registro FRA-COVID SEN.

Background and objectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and associated with worse prognosis. The Spanish Society of Nephrology created the AKI-COVID Registry to characterize the population admitted for COVID-19 that developed AKI in Spanish hospitals. The need of renal replacement therapy (RRT) therapeutic modalities, and mortality in these patients were assessed. Material and method: In a retrospective study, we analyzed data from the AKI-COVID Registry, which included patients hospitalized in 30 Spanish hospitals from May 2020 to November 2021. Clinical and demographic variables, factors related to the severity of COVID-19 and AKI, and survival data were recorded. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to study factors related to RRT and mortality. Results: Data from 730 patients were recorded. A total of 71.9% were men, with a mean age of 70 years (60-78), 70.1% were hypertensive, 32.9% diabetic, 33.3% with cardiovascular disease and 23.9% had some degree of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Pneumonia was diagnosed in 94.6%, requiring ventilatory support in 54.2% and admission to the ICU in 44.1% of cases.The median time from the onset of COVID-19 symptoms to the appearance of AKI (37.1% KDIGO I, 18.3% KDIGO II, 44.6% KDIGO III) was 6 days (4-10). A total of 235 (33.9%) patients required RRT: 155 patients with continuous renal replacement therapy, 89 alternate-day dialysis, 36 daily dialysis, 24 extended hemodialysis and 17 patients with hemodiafiltration. Smoking habit (OR 3.41), ventilatory support (OR 20.2), maximum creatinine value (OR 2.41) and time to AKI onset (OR 1.13) were predictors of the need for RRT; age was a protective factor (0.95). The group without RRT was characterized by older age, less severe AKI, shorter kidney injury onset and recovery time (p < 0.05). 38.6% of patients died during hospitalization; serious AKI and RRT were more frequent in the death group. In the multivariate analysis, age (OR 1.03), previous chronic kidney disease (OR 2.21), development of pneumonia (OR 2.89), ventilatory support (OR 3.34) and RRT (OR 2.28) were predictors of mortality while chronic treatment with ARBs was identified as a protective factor (OR 0.55). Conclusions: Patients with AKI during hospitalization for COVID-19 had a high mean age, comorbidities and severe infection. We defined two different clinical patterns: an AKI of early onset, in older patients that resolves in a few days without the need for RRT; and another more severe pattern, with greater need for RRT, and late onset, which was related to greater severity of the infectious disease. The severity of the infection, age and the presence of CKD prior to admission were identified as risk factors for mortality in these patients. In addition chronic treatment with ARBs was identified as a protective factor for mortality.

Drug Repurposing in Oncology: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.

Quality pharmacological treatment can improve survival in many types of cancer. Drug repurposing offers advantages in comparison with traditional drug development procedures, reducing time and risk. This systematic review identified the most recent randomized controlled clinical trials that focus on drug repurposing in oncology. We found that only a few clinical trials were placebo-controlled or standard-of-care-alone-controlled. Metformin has been studied for potential use in various types of cancer, including prostate, lung, and pancreatic cancer. Other studies assessed the possible use of the antiparasitic agent mebendazole in colorectal cancer and of propranolol in multiple myeloma or, when combined with etodolac, in breast cancer. We were able to identify trials that study the potential use of known antineoplastics in other non-oncological conditions, such as imatinib for severe coronavirus disease in 2019 or a study protocol aiming to assess the possible repurposing of leuprolide for Alzheimer's disease. Major limitations of these clinical trials were the small sample size, the high clinical heterogeneity of the participants regarding the stage of the neoplastic disease, and the lack of accounting for multimorbidity and other baseline clinical characteristics. Drug repurposing possibilities in oncology must be carefully examined with well-designed trials, considering factors that could influence prognosis.

Nomenclatural changes in a taxonomically complex group (Amphipoda: Gammaridae).

The family Gammaridae is a large monophyletic group with a complicated taxonomy. A nomenclatural review of the taxonomic status of Pectenogammarus Reid, 1940 was conducted based on Hou & Sket (2016) and Sket & Hou (2018) phylogenetic proposals. These authors used the name Homoeogammarus Schellenberg, 1937 for a set of morphologically diverse taxa previously included mainly within Echinogammarus Stebbing, 1899. Unfortunately, the use of the name Homoeogammarus Schellenberg, 1937 is problematic. As a result of a detailed bibliographic review, we propose the name Pectenogammarus Reid, 1940 (stat. nov.) for the "Homoeogammarus" clade (Sket & Hou 2018), which results in 20 new combinations. In addition, two genera are here formally synonymised as follows: Pectenogammarus Reid, 1940 = Homoeogammarus Barnard et Barnard, 1983, syn. nov. = Laurogammarus G.S. Karaman, 1984, syn. nov. A synonymic catalogue is provided.

Wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 genomic populations on a country-wide scale through targeted sequencing.

SARS-CoV-2 surveillance of viral populations in wastewater samples is recognized as a useful tool for monitoring epidemic waves and boosting health preparedness. Next generation sequencing of viral RNA isolated from wastewater is a convenient and cost-effective strategy to understand the molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 and provide insights on the population dynamics of viral variants at the community level. However, in low- and middle-income countries, isolated groups have performed wastewater monitoring and data has not been extensively shared in the scientific community. Here we report the results of monitoring the co-circulation and abundance of variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 in Uruguay, a small country in Latin America, between November 2020-July 2021 using wastewater surveillance. RNA isolated from wastewater was characterized by targeted sequencing of the Receptor Binding Domain region within the spike gene. Two computational approaches were used to track the viral variants. The results of the wastewater analysis showed the transition in the overall predominance of viral variants in wastewater from No-VOCs to successive VOCs, in agreement with clinical surveillance from sequencing of nasal swabs. The mutations K417T, E484K and N501Y, that characterize the Gamma VOC, were detected as early as December 2020, several weeks before the first clinical case was reported. Interestingly, a non-synonymous mutation described in the Delta VOC, L452R, was detected at a very low frequency since April 2021 when using a recently described sequence analysis tool (SAM Refiner). Wastewater NGS-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 is a reliable and complementary tool for monitoring the introduction and prevalence of VOCs at a community level allowing early public health decisions. This approach allows the tracking of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, who are generally under-reported in countries with limited clinical testing capacity. Our results suggests that wastewater-based epidemiology can contribute to improving public health responses in low- and middle-income countries.

The Current Status of Sociopolitical and Legal Issues Faced by Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Questioning Youth.

Background: Adolescents today have unprecedented and uninterrupted access to news and current events through broadcast and social media. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) adolescents may be especially cognizant of media and public discourse pertaining to law and policy changes affecting the legal rights of their communities. The minority stress framework explains how sociopolitical discourse impacts mental health among sexual and gender minority youths. Objectives: This paper identifies and describes contemporary sociopolitical and legal issues that may impact LGBTQ adolescents' mental health. Methods: Authors describe the minority stress framework as applied to gender and sexual identity and explore key sociopolitical and legal topics relevant to LGBTQ adolescents, including employment; medical care bans; health insurance coverage; conversion therapy; religious exemptions in health care; housing rights; and rights in schools and school districts, including participation in sports. Results: LGBTQ youth experience rejection, prejudice, and discrimination directly through adverse legislative or administrative action and more pervasively through the dominant cultural beliefs and sociopolitical messaging that such developments manifest. Conclusion: Mental health clinicians who are aware of legal issues and sociopolitical debate pertinent to LGBTQ rights are better prepared to address their significant impact on LGBTQ adolescents' mental health.